The Nature Handbook

Ernest H. Williams, Jr.

Oxford University Press

2005

Photo Information for Chapter 3, Plant Features

Fig. 3.1. Leaf hairs:

(a) common mullein, Verbascum thapsus; Utica Marsh, Oneida Co., NY; 20 Jul 2001; EHW

(b) blazing star, Mentzelia sp.; Cody, WY; 26 Jul 2002; EHW

(c) New England aster, Aster novae-angliae; Clinton, NY; Jun 2003; EHW

Fig. 3.2. Sharp, protective structures:

(a) cactus, Opuntia polyacantha; Cody, WY; 27 Jul 2002; EHW

(b) hawthorn, Crateagus sp.; Rome Sand Plains, Oneida Co., NY; May 2002; EHW

(c) honeylocust, Gleditsia triacanthos; Clinton, NY; 7 Aug 2002; EHW

(d) multiflora rose, Rosa multiflora; Clinton, NY; 4 Nov 2002; EHW

Fig. 3.3. Resins and waxes:

(a) lodgepole pine, Pinus contorta; Yellowstone Nat’l Pk; 9 Aug 2003; EHW

(b) gumweed, Grindelia squarrosa; nr. Cody, WY; 11 Aug 2003; EHW

(c) blue spruce, Picea pungens; Missoula, MT; 29 Jul 2003; EHW

(d) juniper, Juniperus communis; Cody, WY; 27 Jul 2002; EHW

Fig. 3.4. Variegated leaves:

(a) common burdock, Arctium minus; Broome Co., NY; 2003; Nellie Watson

(b) Norway maple, Acer platanoides; Clinton, NY; Aug 2002; EHW

Fig. 3.5. Galls:

(a) and (b) ball gall on tall goldenrod, Solidago altissima; Clinton, NY; 16 Sep 2001; EHW

(c) aphid galls on wild grape, Vitis labrusca; Utica Marsh, Oneida Co., NY; 17 Sep 2001; EHW

(d) wool sower gall on white oak, Quercus alba; Rome Sand Plains, Oneida Co., NY; 21 Jun 2003; EHW

(e) gall on white spruce, Picea glauca; Kananaskis region, AB; 22 Jul 2003; EHW

Fig. 3.6. Leaf mines of insects:

(a) blotch mine on blue vervain, Verbena hastata; Clinton, NY; 22 Jul 2001; EHW

(b) trail mines on raspberry, Rubus sp.; Clinton, NY; 22 Jul 2001; EHW

(c) trail mine on quaking aspen, Populus tremuloides; Utica Marsh, Oneida Co., NY; 26 Aug 2002; EHW

Fig. 3.7. Plant spirals:

(a) leaves on a stem of trail plant, Adenocaulon bicolor; Ft Bragg, CA; William Pfitsch

(b) giant sunflower, Helianthus annuus; nr. Powell, WY; 19 Aug 2001; EHW

(c) cone scales of Ponderosa pine, Pinus ponderosa; so. MT; ca. 1978; EHW

Fig. 3.8. Lenticels:

(a) pin cherry, Prunus pensylvanica; Rome Sand Plains, Oneida Co., NY; 7 May 2001; EHW

(b) pear, Pyrus sp.; early Oct 2001; EHW

(c) paper birch, Betula papyrifera; Clinton, NY; 19 Mar 2003; EHW

Fig. 3.9. Carnivorous plants:

(a) purple pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea; Fiddler’s Green, Madison Co., NY; 15 Sep 2001; EHW

(b) yellow pitcher plant, Sarracenia flava; Green Swamp, NC; 17 Jun 2002; EHW

(c) round-leaved sundew, Drosera rotundifolia; Fiddler’s Green, Madison Co., NY; 15 Sep 2001; EHW

(d) Venus fly trap, Dionaea muscipula; Roger Rageot

Fig. 3.10. Parasitic plants:

(a) white paintbrush, Castilleja longispica; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 6 Jul 1977; EHW

(b) clustered broomrape, Orobanchefasciculate; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 14 Jul 1975; EHW

(c) Indian pipe, Monotropa uniflora; Rome Sand Plains, Oneida Co., NY; 27 Aug 2002; EHW

Fig. 3.11. Poison plants: (a) leaves; David Liebman

(b) poison ivy, Toxicodendron radicans; Cape Cod, MA; 9 Apr 2003; EHW

Fig. 3.12. wild blue lupine, Lupinus perennis; Rome Sand Plains, Oneida Co., NY; 9 Jun 2001; EHW

Fig. 3.13. Solar tracking flowers:

(a) little sunflowers, Helianthellauniflora; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 27 Jul 2002; EHW

(b) subalpine buttercups, Ranunculus eschscholtzii; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 11 Jun 1981; EHW

Fig. 3.14. sensitive plant, Mimosa pudica; David Liebman

Fig. 3.15. Leaves of the same rhododendron shrub; Clinton, NY:

(a) mid-summer; 26 Jul 2001; EHW

(b) mid-winter; Feb 2001; EHW

(c) data from winter to summer 2001; EHW

Fig. 3.16. plant patches; Utica Marsh, Oneida Co., NY; 5 Sep 2002; EHW