The Nature Handbook

Ernest H. Williams, Jr.

Oxford University Press

2005

Photo Information for Chapter 5, Ecology & Behavior

Fig, 5.1. Woodland hawks:

(a) northern goshawk, Accipiter gentiles; Rick Kline/Cornell Lab Ornithology

(b) Cooper’s hawk, A. cooperii; CA; Hugh Smith

(c) sharp-shinned hawk, A. striatus; CA; Hugh Smith

Fig. 5.2. Sexual size dimorphism:

(a) elk, Cervus elaphus; Allen Blake Sheldon

(b) Baltimore checkerspots, Euphydryas phaeton; Three Mile Bay, Oswego Co., NY; 12 Jul 2002; EHW

(c) bison, Bison bison; Yellowstone Nat’l Pk, WY; 9 Aug 2003; EHW

Fig. 5.3. Size differences:

(a) Alaska moose, Alces alces gigas; Len Rue, Jr.

(b) Shira’s moose, A. alces shirasi; Allen Blake Sheldon

Fig. 5.4. Extremities:

(a) arctic fox, Alopex lagopus; Len Rue, Jr.

(b) blacktail jackrabbit, Lepus californicus; David Liebman

Fig. 5.5. Largest mammals:

(a) bison, Bison bison; Waterton Lks Pk, AB; 21 Jul 2003; EHW

(b) Alaskan brown bear, Ursus arctos; James D. Ronan, Jr.

Fig. 5.6. Smallest birds and mammals:

(a) ruby-throated hummingbird, Archilochus colubris; Allen Blake Sheldon

(b) pygmy shrew, Microsorex hoyi; Roger Rageot

Fig. 5.7. Largest snake:

Eastern indigo snake, Drymarchon corais couperi; Allen Blake Sheldon

Fig. 5.8. Top-level predators:

(a) mountain lion, Felis concolor; Dennis Sheridan

(b) bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus; Richard Nickson

(c) grizzly bear, Ursus arctos horribilis; Yellowstone Nat’l Pk, WY; 9 Aug 2003; EHW

Fig. 5.9. Shivering: Carolina sphinx (tobacco hornworm), Manduca sexta; Clinton, NY; Oct, 2003; EHW

Fig. 5.10. Panting:

(a) domestic dogs, Canis familiaris; Clinton, NY; 31 Aug 2002; EHW

(b) great black-backed gulls, Larus marinus; S. Greer/VIDEO

Fig. 5.11. Herbivores:

(a) moose, Alces alces; Grand Teton Nat’l Pk, WY; 20 Jul 1986; EHW

(b) white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus; Len Rue, Jr.

Fig. 5.12. Group living:

(a) cedar waxwings, Bombycilla cedrorum; Solvang, CA; Mar 1993; Hugh Smith

(b) bison, Bison bison; Yellowstone Nat’l Pk; 9 Aug 2003; EHW

Fig. 5.13. Acorns:

(a) acorns of northern red oak, Quercus rubra; Clinton, NY; 25 Oct 2002; EHW

(b) husks of northern red oak acorns; Clinton, NY; 19 Mar 2003; EHW

(c) acorns of white oak, Quercus alba; Clinton, NY; 31 Oct 2002; EHW

Fig. 5.14. Gray squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis; Richard Nickson

Fig. 5.15. Scats:

(a) scat of black bear, Ursus americanus; Beartooth Mtns, WY; _________; EHW

(b) pellet-shaped scats, including (where and when collected): ; EHW

pika, Ochotona princeps; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 8 Aug 1990

cottontail rabbit, Sylvilagus sp.; Badger Basin, Park Co., WY; 9 Aug 1990

snowshoe hare, Lepus americanus; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 6 Aug 1990

antelope, Antilocapra americana; Badger Basin, Park Co., WY; 9 Aug 1990

mule deer, Odocoileus hemionus; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 9 Aug 1990

elk, Cervus elaphus; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 7 Aug 1990

moose, Alces alces; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 9 Aug 1990

(c) moose scat; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 27 Jul 2002; EHW

(d) rabbit scat; Cody-Northfork Rd, Park Co., WY; 13 Aug 2003; EHW

Fig. 5.16. Antlers and horns:

(a) elk, Cervus elaphus; Yellowstone Nat’l Pk, WY; 18 Sep 1975; EHW

(b) moose, Alces alces; Yellowstone Nat’l Pk, WY; 6 Aug 1977; EHW

(c) mountain goat, Oreamnos americanus; Glacier Nat’l Pk, MT; 1978; EHW

(d) big-horned sheep, Ovis canadensis; nr. Dubois, WY; 1972; EHW

Fig. 5.17. Misleading displays:

(a) killdeer, Charadrius vociferus; Allen Blake Sheldon

(b) opossum, Didelphis marsupialis; David Liebman

(c) eastern hognose snake, Heterodon platyrhinos; Allen Blake Sheldon

Fig. 5.18. White-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus; Leonard Lee Rue III

Fig. 5.19. Wall and window walking:

 (a) house fly, Musca domestica; Clinton, NY; ___________; EHW

(b) tokay gecko, Gekko gecko; (from pet shop); 16 Oct 2002; EHW