The Nature Handbook

Ernest H. Williams, Jr.

Oxford University Press

2005

Photo Information for Chapter 8, Mountains

Fig. 8.1. Forests:

(a) tall, most decidous forest (1850 ft el); Powley Rd., Hamilton Co., NY; 7 Jul 2003; EHW

(b) short, evergreen forest (4000 ft el); Whiteface Mtn, NY; 28 Sep 2003; EHW

Fig. 8.2. Autumn color zonation on Whiteface Mtn, NY; 23 Sep 2001; EHW

Fig. 8.3. Spruce and lodgepole pine forest; Kananaskis, AB; 22 Jul 2003; EHW

Fig. 8.4. High treeline; Southfork-Dubois trail, WY; 31 Jul 1975; EHW

Fig. 8.5. Low treelines:

(a) tree growth at the prairie’s edge; nr. Glacier Nat’l Pk, MT; 27 Jul 2003; EHW

(b) trees on the northern slope; Red Lodge, MT; 3 Aug 2001; EHW

Fig. 8.6. Crooked wood at upper treeline:

(a) flagged stem of balsam fir, Abies balsamea; Mt Washington, NH; 17 Sep 1978; EHW

(b) flag tree of balsam fir; Whiteface Mtn, NY; 23 Sep 2001; EHW

(c) krummholz cluster of subalpine fir, Abies lasiocarpa; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 10 Aug 1976; EHW

Fig. 8.7. Fir waves of balsam fir, Abies balsamea, (a) and (b); Whiteface Mtn, NY; 23 Sep 2001; EHW

Fig. 8.8. Invasion of a subalpine meadow; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 6 Aug 2001; EHW

Fig. 8.9. Soil tubes of northern pocket gopher, Thomomys talpoides:

(a) Fantan Lk, Beartooth Mtns, WY; 19 Jul 2002; EHW

(b) Clay Butte, Beartooth Mtns, WY; 27 Jul 2002; EHW

Fig. 8.10. (a) Mountain meadow; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 1 Aug 1979; EHW

(b) white-lined sphinx moth, Hyles lineata; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 30 Jul 1978; EHW

Fig. 8.11. (a) montane meadow, Island Lk, Beartooth Mtns, WY; 3 Jul 1974; EHW

 (b) marsh marigold, Caltha leptosepala; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 3 Jul 1974; EHW

(c) subalpine buttercup, Ranunculus eschscholtzii; Beartooth Mtns; 10 Jul 1975; EHW

Fig. 8.12. Alpine plants:

(a) moss campion, Silene acaulis; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 17 Jul 1976; EHW

(b) alpine forget-me-not, Eritrichium nanum; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 14 Jun 1977; EHW

(c) diamond-leaved saxifrage, Saxifraga rhomboidea; Clay Butte, Beartooth Mtns, WY; 6 Jul 1979; EHW

(d) net-vein willow, Salix reticulata; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 19 Jul 1974; EHW

Fig. 8.13. Alpine leaves:

(a) Senecio fuscatus; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 27 Jul 2002; EHW

(b) Labrador tea, Ledumgroenlandicum; Whiteface Mtn, NY; 23 Sep 2001; EHW

(c) woolly pussytoes, Antennarialanata; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 17 Aug 2001; EHW

Fig. 8.14. Map lichen, Rhizocarpon geographicum:

(a) on an undisturbed alpine boulder; Whiteface Mtn, NY; 23 Sep 2001; EHW

(b) close-up; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 17 Aug 2001; EHW

Fig. 8.15. Snow tinged pink by growth of Chlamydomonas nivalis:

(a) edge of a snowbank; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 6 Aug 2001; EHW

(b) late season snowbank; E. Summit, Beartooth Mtns, WY; 19 Jul 2002; EHW

Fig. 8.16. Patterned ground:

(a) polygons in flat areas; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 6 Aug 2001; EHW

(b) stripes on slopes; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 6 Aug 2001; EHW

Fig. 8.17. Frost hummocks of wet soil; Beartooth Mtns, WY; 17 Aug 2001; EHW