Modernity and Nationhood in China

Autumn 2004 Prof. Thomas Wilson

MW 2:30-3:45 in KJ 222        Office hours: TF 2:30-3:30

 

Aims of the course: This course focuses on the problems of modernity and nationhood in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Chinese history. The readings and class discussions address problems inherent in understanding Chinese modernity within the framework of Western historical experiences and the historical expectations, values, and analytical terms this framework has produced. The course also critically examines the ÒWestern impactÓ model Ð premised on the belief that the West was the source of modernity Ð in global and Chinese historical contexts in order to better understand modern China in its own terms.

 

Books for purchase

Prasenjit Duara, Rescuing History from the Nation

Jonathan Spence, GodÕs Chinese Son: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom of Hong Xiuquan

Jun Jing, The Temple of Memories: History, Power, and Morality in a Chinese Village

 

Other readings:

*Conrad SchirokauerÕs A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations (Wadsworth, 1989) is also on regular (hardcopy) reserve in Burke Library: this book serves as the course Òtextbook,Ó which provides essential factual information on Chinese history. These short reading assignments are required; familiarity with this information is assumed in class discussion, and will be subject to periodic quizzes.

 

¥ Readings made available as photocopies or electronic reserve

 

Please come prepared to discuss all reading assignments on the dates for which they are assigned.

 

Introduction (8/30)

 

I. Late Imperial China (9/1-9/13)

A. Society & Economy: social status; economic organization and practices; bureaucratic regulation 9/1

* Schirokauer, A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations, 328-53

 

B. State: emperor, religious functions; civil bureaucracy, Confucian gentry, civil examinations 9/6-8

¥ Richard Smith, ChinaÕs Cultural Heritage: The Qing Dynasty, 1644-1912 (Boulder: Westview, 1994), 155-185

¥ Rev. Justus Doolittle, Social Life of the Chinese (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1865) 1:255-272, 353-375

 

C. Beyond the Western impact

Duara, ÒIntroduction,Ó Rescuing History, 3-16 (class discussion 9/13)

¥ Kenneth Pomeranz, The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy (Princeton, 2000), 3-27

 

II. China & the West (9/15-10/13)

A. Modernity: Enlightenment, rationalism, secular humanism, positivism, linear history; industrial revolution 9/15

Duara, ÒLinear History and the Nation-state,Ó Rescuing History, 17-50  (class discussion 9/20)

 

Quiz on Schirokauer, A Brief History & Smith, ChinaÕs Cultural Heritage: 9/22

 

B. European expansion into Asia: Marco Polo, Jesuits, MaCartney Mission, Canton System, Opium Wars 9/22

* Schirokauer, A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations, 311-26, 384-407

¥ Pomeranz, The Great Divergence, 31-68 (class discussion 9/27)

 

#1 paper due: Thursday 9/30

 

C. Missionaries 9/29-10/6

¥ Suzanne Barnett, ÒJustus Doolittle at Foochow,Ó in Christianity in China: Early Protestant Missionary Writings, ed. Suzanne W. Barnett & John K. Fairbank (Harvard, 1985), 107-19

James Hevia, ÒLeaving a Brand on ChinaÓ (Modern China) 18 (1992) 3: 304-332 (JSTOR)

*Christianity in China: From the Eighteenth Century to the Present, ed. Daniel H. Bays (Stanford, 1996): contains articles to use for second paper due on 10/22

 

III. Nineteenth-century rebellions: The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom (10/11-10/16)

Secret societies and rebellions 10/11

Spence, GodÕs Chinese Son 10/13-10/18 (discussion of readings in preparation for 2nd paper)

¥ ÒGospel, Jointly Witnessed and Heard by the Imperial Eldest and Second Eldest Brothers,Ó The Taiping Rebellion: History and Documents, ed. Franz Michael (University of Washington Press, 1966-1971) 2: 7-18

¥ ÒThe Taiping Heavenly Chronicle,Ó The Taiping Rebellion 2: 51-79

 

IV. Late imperial reform (10/20)

Self-Strengthening Movement, 100 Days Reform, Kang Youwei, Tan Sitong 10/20

* Schirokauer, A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations, 450-68

¥ ÒRestoration through Reform,Ó The Search for Modern China: A Documentary Collection, eds. Pei-kai Cheng, Michael Lestz, Jonathan Spence (W. W. Norton & Company, 1999), 150-63

Duara, ÒProvincial Narratives of the Nation,Ó Rescuing History, 177-204

 

#2 paper due: Friday 10/22

 

V. Nationhood and Revolution (10/25-11/3)

* Schirokauer, A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations, 469-83

A. Nationalism, Nationhood 10/25

¥ Sun Yatsen, ÒThree Principles of the PeopleÓ (San min zhuyi) (Chungking: Ministry of Information, Republic of China, 1943)

Duara, ÒThe Genealogy of Fengjian or Feudalism,Ó Rescuing History, 147-175

 

Quiz on Schirokauer, A Brief History: 11/1

 

B. Republican Revolution, 1911-12 (11/1)

¥ ÒThe Dog-Meat General,Ó Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook, ed. Patricia Ebrey (Free Press, 1993), 373-377

¥ ÒGeneralissimo Jiang on National Identity,ÓChinese Civilization, A Sourcebook, 401-406

 

Ä ÒChina in Revolution, 1911-49Ó (55 min.), part 1 (11/3)

 

VI. Competing Modernities (11/8-11/29)

A. May 4th Movement: Hu Shi & Chen Duxiu 11/8-10

* Schirokauer, A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations, 483-90

¥ÒThe Spirit of the May Fourth Movement,Ó Chinese Civilization, A Sourcebook, 360-363

¥ÒThe General Strike,Ó Chinese Civilization, A Sourcebook, 378-384

 

B. Republicanism: anti-religion campaigns 11/15

* Schirokauer, A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations, 490-97, 525-50

Duara, ÒThe Campaigns against Religion,Ó Rescuing History, 85-113

 

C. Post-Modernity 11/17

Duara, ÒCritics of Modernity,Ó Rescuing History, 205-227

¥ Leo Lee, ÒModernity and its Discontents,Ó Perspectives on Modern China: Four Anniversaries, ed. Kenneth Lieberthal, et al. (M.E. Sharpe, 1991), 158-77

 

Ä ÒChina in Revolution, 1911-49Ó (55 min.),  part 2 (11/29)

 

VII. Mao and Maoism (12/1-12/8)

* Schirokauer, A Brief History of Chinese and Japanese Civilizations, 553-559, 600-28

 

Quiz on Schirokauer, A Brief History: 12/1

 

A. Pre-Ô49 Mao: formation of a Chinese Marxism 12/1

¥ Mao Zedong, ÒReport on an Investigation of the Peasant Movement In Hunan,Ó

(3/1927), 23-59

 

Ä ÒThe Mao Years, 1949-76Ó (117 mins.) 12/6

 

B. State Maoism 12/6-8

¥ Jing, Temple of Memories

¥ ÒMaoÕs Appearance at the First Red Guard RallyÉ,Ó The PeopleÕs Republic of China

¥ Mao Zedong, ÒOn the Correct Handling of Contradictions among the PeopleÓ (2/27/57), 384-421

¥ Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung, 1-22, 45-57

#3 paper due: 12/10

Course Requirements:

Quizzes based on textbook and other background readings

 

Writing assignments: All papers are due in my office or in my mailbox in KJ 136 by 3:00 P.M. on the date due. No extensions granted unless by prior arrangement more than 24 hours before assignments are due. Papers should be double-spaced with approx. 1Ó margins and reasonably sized font (10 or 12 point), and printed in dark, legible ink; preferably on a laser printer.

 

#1: critical essay on the problem of History and the nation based on Duara, Rescuing History from the Nation, pp. 3-50 and at least one other source listed under ÒI. Late Imperial China,Ó due on Sept. 30; 4-5 pages.

 

#2 critical essay on the problem of modernity and/or the ÒWestern impactÓ (keep in mind the courseÕs aim of challenging prevalent ideas of modernity and the very idea of the Western impact) using Spence, GodÕs Chinese Son and/or Pomeranz, The Great Divergence, and at least one primary source listed under sections II and/or III of the syllabus or in the books listed below, which are on reserve in Burke Library, due on Oct. 22; 5-7 pages.

 

#3: critical essay on China under Mao using Jun Jing, Temple of Memories and at least one primary source listed on the syllabus or in the books listed below, which are on reserve in Burke Library, due on Dec 10; 5-7 pages.

 

In addition to readings listed on the syllabus, you may also use the following sources, which contain translations of primary sources.

Patricia Ebrey, Chinese Civilization: A Sourcebook

Michael Lestz and Pei-kai Cheng, The Search for Modern China: A Documentary Reader

 

 

 

final course grade determined on the basis of the following:

Quizzes                                                          20%

essay #1                                                         20%

essay #2                                                         20%

essay #3                                                         20%

regular class participation                      20%